The international communities intervention in Somalia 1992-1995: UNOSOM I, UNITAF, UNOSOM II

Authors:

  • Ödlund Ann

Publish date: 2001-03-21

Report number: FOA-R--99-01271-170

Pages: 68

Written in: Swedish

Abstract

The course of events during the intervention in Somalia 1992-1995 is divided into three parts in this report: 1) UNOSOM I (April 1992-Mars1993), a traditional military observer mission based on Chapter VI of the UN Charter. 2) UNITAF (December 1992-May 1993) when USA, authorized by the Security Council based on Chapter VII of the Charter, organized and led a multinational force in order to provide a secure environment for humanitarian assistance. 3) UNOSOM H (Mars 1993-Mars 1995), the second UN-led operation in Somalia, which had a widely extended mandate compared to UNITAF, with mainly peace- and nationbuilding duties. The Somalia case was the first time the LTN authorized an armed intervention in a failed state, without having consent from an opposite party in the affected country. The grounds used by the UN to justify the intervention were humanitarian, to save the Somalis from chaos and famine, not to solve a conflict between states. This implied an important change in what is to be seen as a threat to international peace and security according to the UN Charter. The following six aspects are emphasized in fifis report: Actors; mandate and resources; psychological operations; the concept end-state; acts of cruelty made by UN soldiers during the intervention; traumatic stress in somaliaveterans after the intervention. Furthermore the report gives an account of different strategies for intervening in a failed state. The report is completed with a discussion divided in before, during and after the intervention in Somalia.