The purpose of the study is to give a comprehensive view of Russian R&D and the conditions under which it exists today. A further ambition has been to compare Russian, American and Swedish views of Russian crifical technologies and weapons systerns. Thus the civilian R&D, the conditions for the researchers and the financing of the Russian R&D are described in chapter 2. In chapter 3 the Soviet herftage and the role of intelligence are treated together with a description of the present situation in the military industrial complex (MIC) and military R&D. After a look at the general situation in some sectors of the MIC, a comparison between the American and the Russian views of Russias capacity as regards critical technologies is canied out, which in tum is followed by a similar comparison between the Swedish and the Russian views of Russjan weapons systerns. This model was necessitated by the lack of congruous sources for a comparison of all concerned countries and areas. To further illuminate some of the factors Mich form Russian R&D, the roles of the Russian Security Concept and Military Doctrine are analysed, as is the Programme for the National Technological Base. Finally, the crucial support to Russian R&D from abroad is scrutinised. In chapter 5 conclusions are drawn from the above mentioned factors in a lead time context. A comprehensive appendix gives further information concerning technical details of certain weapons systerns, crifical technologies and foreign support. The whole study is summarized in an executive summary in English at the beginning of the study.