Conversion of former offensive activities is assessed by focusing on the Russian state Research Center for Applied Microbiology (SRCAM) and its transition from a closed bioweapons (BW) facility to a more open institute, a process supported by the West. The publications over two decades have been evaluated in order to detect any redirection of research and to evaluate the technological level and the scientific competence. As a complement, the content of the ISTC-supported activities was scrutinized. The institute now has a new research profile with a pronounced civilian focus, e.g. research on protection of humans, animals and plants from diseases and on pollution issues. However, some of the current projekcts are still focused on BW agents and dual-use technologies associated with BW development, and many scientists from the offensive era still work at SRCAM. This poses a risk for transfer of knowledge of concern to younger scientists and to other Russian facilities. In the future, ISCT and other financiers should consider the preservation of critical technology and competences as well as the overall aim of the activities. Projects for development of vaccines and pharmaceuticals for public health diseases and control of environmental problems should be given high priority.