BOM and DCMF

Authors:

  • Vahid Mojtahed
  • Birger Andersson
  • Vandana Kabilan

Publish date: 2008-01-03

Report number: FOI-R--2362--SE

Pages: 60

Written in: English

Keywords:

  • conceptual modelling
  • knowledge management
  • DCMF
  • BOM
  • ontology
  • OWL
  • XML
  • mission space model
  • composability
  • reusability
  • interoperaability

Abstract

The Defence Conceptual Modelling Framework (DCMF) is the Swedish Defence Research Agency (FOI)'s proposal on how to deal with Conceptual Modelling issues within the military domain. The DCMF is a project at FOI which tries to create a framework for capturing, analysing and representing conceptual models. Those conceptual models are formalised descriptions of real world processes, entities, environmental factors, associated relationships and interactions that constitute a particular set of military missions, operations or tasks. Such conceptual models should be generic and applicable to as many military scenarios as possible without any loss of critical information. The DCMF also includes a process for developing the conceptual models of military operations. The end products of the DCMF, the conceptual models, are called Mission Space Models (MSMs). For all stakeholders involved in Modelling and Simulation (M&S) process, these MSMs are meant to be a common description of the content to be simulated and also serves as a bridge between military experts and simulation developers. The final representation format of MSM, which should encapsulate the conceptual model, is yet not settled. There are several proposals for representation formats of the MSMs and in this report we discuss our analysis and views regarding one such formalisation -- the Base Object Model (BOM). The BOM is a concept created by Simulation Interoperability Standards Organization (SISO) to provide reuse and composability for HLA simulations. The BOM development started in 1997 and since 2006 it is a SISO standard. The DCMF demands that the MSMs produced are embedded with semantics by relating them to an ontology. The main benefit of this is that the models are improved in terms of interoperability, reusability, and composability. When considering the BOM as an end result of the DCMF process, there was a need to find a way to enrich the BOM with more semantics than it presently carries. When adding semantics to a BOM, one consideration is whether to strive for an incremental change of the existing structure, or to allow a larger change. In this report we investigate both ways. The benefit of a small change is that existing implementations remain undisturbed, while the risk is that all envisioned goals of the change are not reached. A large change, on the other hand gives developers and users access to new opportunities, while the risk being that old solutions and ways of working may be endangered. The first solution, having incremental change as its principal idea, is that the existing schema structure of the BOM is extended. A reference to an (for the BOM) external entity, an ontology, is added. By referring to the ontology add additional information could be added to the conceptual model of the BOM. The other solution put forward builds on the ontological conceptualisation that we have adopted and worked within the DCMF project. The approach is to study the BOM and search for opportunities to enrich the DCMF. Both the BOM and the DCMF have an action-centric analysis of scenarios and also use an action centric data model. Given the fact that we already had established work in the military scenario ontology domain and we had some ideas on how behaviour and rules should be described, it was natural that we tried to convert relevant parts of the BOM into a DCMF-BOM ontology. We conclude that a semantically richer BOM is enhanced in several ways. In particular we claim that some functionality, e.g., composability is hardly possible without any semantic enrichment of today's BOM. We also claim that by utilizing the proposed BOM-DCMF ontology we can model and store the procedural aspects more effectively. The BOM-DCMF ontology integrates well to our already proposed domain ontology (DCMF-O) as well as the rule of engagement representations in the ECA Rule Ontology. We have carried out simple proof of concept demonstrations but work remains to be done in the ongoing DCMF project. We hope to utilise some of the lessons learnt from this year's work on the BOM which should provide us with ample guidance on the quest for a quintessential MSM representation.