Reflection properties of building wall materials and wall-like surfaces

Authors:

  • Anna Jänis

Publish date: 2009-12-31

Report number: FOI-R--2941--SE

Pages: 22

Written in: English

Keywords:

  • reflection
  • transmission
  • building
  • materials
  • building
  • wall-like
  • surfaces
  • moisture
  • content
  • radar
  • measurements
  • see-around-corner

Abstract

This final report summarizes the results of the material characterization which has been made in the project "Radar for detection of human activity around corners". This strategic research project has been going on for three years with start year 2007. The project investigates if it is possible to use the bending (diffraction) of radar waves around corners and/or their reflection in opposite house walls and façades to detect moving objects off the line of sight. The purpose of the material characterization was to make a more precise estimation about using wall-reflected waves for target detection. For that reason three different types of laboratory measurements have been carried out. The first part of the measurements was devoted to determining the reflection properties of common urban building wall materials. The different material categories were brick, clay (type LECA), stone, wood and concrete. The reflection was measured as a function of frequency, angle of incidence, and two orthogonal polarizations. Clear interference patterns as a function of frequency were observed for homogeneous material samples. For inhomogeneous materials or for materials with rough surfaces the interference patterns were perturbed. The second part of the work was devoted to investigating how different types of surface roughness influence the reflection properties. In this case reflection measurements have been made of five building wall-like surfaces with different types of roughness. In order to study only the reflection, the transmission was eliminated by coating the surfaces with conductive silver paint. Also here the reflection was measured as a function of polarization, frequency, and angle of incidence. The results show that the reflection is concentrated to the specular direction when the roughness is small compared to the wavelength. The choice of polarization may become significant if the surface structure contains clear preference directions. In the "around corner" radar measurements that were carried out with the purpose to test the concept walls of porous concrete blocks were used. Thus, the last part of the work was devoted to determining the reflection/transmission properties of this porous concrete. Since the measurements were performed in an outdoor situation it was important to examine how the reflection/transmission properties of the porous concrete were influenced by the moisture content. The conclusion was that this influence is considerable. Also, it was observed that the porous concrete easily absorbs moisture. Outdoors, the moisture content of porous concrete will be high which results in high reflection.