This report identifies important challenges in the area of Security Sector Reform (SSR). The report highlights aspects that negatively influence the possibilities for sustainable SSR such as insufficient resources, weak coordination, lack of strategic direction and issues regarding local ownership. These challenges often lead to a big gap between the SSR-concept and SSR as it has been implemented. While the concept prescribes a holistic approach to SSR, in reality focus is often narrow and delimited to a few aspects of the security sector. The results are then discussed in a Swedish context and issues regarding how Sweden could enhance its support to SSR-engagements are highlighted.