CEREX Progress report January - June 2011
Publish date: 2011-08-17
Report number: FOI-R--3219--SE
Pages: 29
Written in: English
Keywords:
- Imaging
- Raman spectroscopy
- detection
- explosives Stand-off
Abstract
FOI has in earlier reports showed that Raman spectroscopy is a method capable of detecting explosives at stand-off distances. The method has been evaluated for bulk- [1-3], vapor- [4] and particle-detection [5]. When searching for IED:s or other explosive threats, the explosive material itself will rarely be visible. In the CEREX project, detection equipment capable of finding single particles of explosives will be developed and demonstrated. Another advantage of the technology is that it also has the potential to find and detect traces of explosives that a manufacturer of explosives inevitably will leave behind. To find these small amounts of explosives multispectral imaging Raman spectroscopy [6] is being used. This report describes the ongoing work of building an eye-safe explosive particle detection demonstrator that will be finished during the spring of 2012. The demonstrator is capable of detecting single particles of DNT, sulfur and ammonium nitrate in a fingerprint using 532 nm laser wavelength [7]. To be able to change to an eye-safe UV-laser several studies have been made to study the behavior of Raman spectra for explosives when irradiated by UV-lasers. A very fast gated ICCD camera has been borrowed from Stanford computer optics. This camera has been used to measure Raman spectra from PETN based plastic explosives which has so strong fluorescence that it is impossible to measure with slower gated cameras. Raman spectra from explosives such as TNT, DNT, Comp B, RDX, C4, PETN, PETN based plastic explosives and ammonium nitrate using 20 Hz, 20 kHz and 50 kHz lasers all with similar average laser power. The studies show similar results for the different lasers. For TNT, DNT and Comp B the Raman spectra are very weak compared to the other substances. To study the effect that UV-lasers have on TNT Raman spectra measurements have been made in steps of 4 nm from 419 nm to 383 nm. These measurements show that the collected Raman signal decreases rapidly when the wavelength decreases. This is not completely investigated since results from GS-MS measurements do not indicate that TNT is being decomposed to other molecules. Continued studies will be carried out this summer and autumn.