Views on climate change and adaptation among politicians and directors in Swedish municipalities

Authors:

  • Annika Carlsson-Kanyama
  • Lisa Hörnsten

Publish date: 2012-05-08

Report number: FOI-R--3441--SE

Pages: 54

Written in: Swedish

Abstract

The report presents the results of a survey aimed at politicians and directors in 63 Swedish municipalities who responded to questions regarding their views on climate change, climate adaptation and the need for information about the climate. The survey was completed by a total of 2,389 persons, and municipalities of all different sizes were represented. The results should be seen against the background of the unanimous observation that the climate is changing and of the leading climate researchers being in agreement that the changes that have occurred have been primarily caused by human activities, as well as that there are lobbyists in many countries who are spreading the message that this is not the case, and therefore can be termed climate deniers. These climate deniers influence opinion, and previous studies have demonstrated that those who do not believe that climate change is taking place are also less inclined to adapt than those who take it seriously. Our results indicate that municipal directors and politicians may be divided into three groups - climate believers (30%), uncertain (61%) and climate deniers (9%) - on the basis of the responses to questions about the existence of climate change and its being caused by human activities. In brief, a climate denier can be characterized as a man in a rather small municipality with a conservative stance (for politicians), while a climate believer can best be described as a woman in a larger municipality who supports the Green Party or the Social Democrats (for politicians). Further, we found that definite connections exist between denial and belief with respect to the extent to which initiatives have been taken towards adaptation in their municipalities, the view taken on climate researchers' forecasts and the desire to have more information about climate change. The deniers are those who have done least, those who find the researchers' forecasts least utilizable and those who do not want more information about climate change, while the uncertain constituted an "in-between" group. In other words, the more convinced participants were about the existence of climateWe also found that municipal directors and politicians do not, in general, take climate change less seriously than the Swedish public with respect to the world as a whole, but that municipal directors and politicians view the challenges for Sweden less seriously than the public does, and even less seriously with regard to challenges for the municipality. The same pattern applies to both climate deniers and climate believers. The results provide reasons for reflection and questions, not least if we consider that successful climate adaptation at a municipal level is tremendously important for society. That as many as 70% of municipal directors and politicians are not entirely convinced that the climate is changing, in a time when the leading researchers are unanimous about this, will very likely lead to delays in the adaptation work. Other questions that we are asking ourselves with good reason are why adaptation activities are so minimal even among the climate believers and why so very many in this group do not readily want to receive more climate information, do not think that climate forecasts are entirely utilizable and do not have complete faith in the climate researchers? Has the information that they have received been unusable too often and have the climate deniers even gained a foothold among those who take climate change most seriously? We are also wondering how to reach those who we characterized as uncertain when as many as 77% do not want more climate information? For those who want to provide information about climate change with the uncertain group as their target, consideration must be made of both their lack of interest in the issue and their absence of faith in the climate researchers. change; the more they seemed prepared to take action to adapt.