The short-wave infrared (SWIR) wavelength range is currently receiving a lot of attention in Night Vision for its potential as an alternative and/or complement to traditional NV technologies based on image intensifiers (I2) in the visual/near-infrared (VIS/NIR) and thermal systems operating in the midwave and longwave infrared (MWIR/LWIR) wavelength range. In this study the potential of the SWIR region for Night Vision has been investigated. The phenomenology in terms of possible light sources and atmospheric transmission and the availability and development of passive imaging sensor systems in the wavelength range has been studied. These are some of the most important conclusions made: Images in SWIR bears a strong resemblance to common (black/white) visual images and therefore are more easily interpretable to a human operator than thermal images, making them suitable for identification and recognition in friend or foe situations. The brightest light sources on the night sky in the SWIR range are moonlight and night glow. Night glow is a light phenomenon mainly caused by a number of photochemical reactions occurring in the upper atmosphere, is relatively stable to changing cloud conditions and offers night vision in the SWIR range even in the absence of moonlight and starlight. In the SWIR range there are not as many disturbing artificial light sources as in the VIS/NIR range, where traditional image intensified NV devices can experience problems with overexposure, blooming and halos in for instance urban environments or at aircraft landing sites. The SWIR range also offers detection of military laser sources at around 1.06 µm and 1.55 µm, which are common for range finding and target designation. These wavelengths are invisible to traditional NVG and thermal devices. SWIR systems offer greater general atmospheric transmission and better penetration through atmospheric obscurants like fog, smoke, dust, etc., in comparison with VIS/NIR systems. Sensor technologies in SWIR are today dominated by the detector materials Indium Gallium Arsenide (InGaAs) and Mercury Cadmium Telluride (MCT), which both have reached a high degree of maturation and are available in higher resolutions, better performance, at a lower cost, with smaller size and weight and with less power consumption. New and interesting detector materials are also under development, such as black silicon, germanium and silicon/germanium-based alloys as well as nanophysical materials like T2SL and QDIP.