Extraction of hydrolysis products from chemical warfare agents with polymerics solid phase columns

Authors:

  • Linda Öberg
  • Yvonne Nygren
  • Håkan Wingfors
  • Anders Östin
  • Jenny Rattfelt Nyholm

Publish date: 2013-12-31

Report number: FOI-R--3694--SE

Pages: 41

Written in: Swedish

Keywords:

  • Solid phase extraction
  • Chemical warfare agents

Abstract

Historically, sample preparation methods for the chemical analysis of chemical warfare agents (CWA) and their degradation products are based on traditional liquid/liquid extraction (LLE) between an aqueous phase and organic solvent. This methodology is laborious and time-consuming and has widely been replaced by solid -phase extraction (SPE) methods. However, standardization of methods for analysis of CWA has been based on LLE and has only occasionally involved the use of SPE which most often has been used in aim to discard unwanted components rather than for isolation of analytical compounds The aim of this study was to conclude our experience of polymeric solid phase extraction material with balanced hydrophilic and lipophilic character for the preparation of water samples containing a wide range of chemical warfare degradation products. In this work, particular concern has been taken to optimize the methods to be useful and fully applicable to set-up in the armed forces deployable laboratory for chemical analysis. The results of the conducted experiments show that the performance of solid phase extraction material StrataX and ENV+ is comparable and in many cases a more efficient alternative to LLE. In addition, the methodology presented herein allows a higher sample throughput where the risk of cross-contamination is drastically reduced in the deployable laboratory.