Study of STANAG 4691-MARLIN at HF
Publish date: 2013-12-31
Report number: FOI-R--3794--SE
Pages: 26
Written in: Swedish
Keywords:
- MARLIN
- packet switching
- HF
- wideband HF
- naval communication.
Abstract
MARLIN, Mobile Ad Hoc Relay Line of sight Networking, is a NATO standard (STANAG4691) that enables transmission of Internet Protocol (IP) data between radios. The standard, which is primarily intended for marine communication, describes a protocol that automatically creates an Ad Hoc network by a set of radios. The protocol automatically relays IP-traffic. A set of radios is selected as relay nodes and they tie together the Ad Hoc network over large distances. In this study, the MARLIN protocol is studied in combination with high frequency communication (especially wideband HF) as a transmission medium. The data rate and delay is calculated based on two marine vignettes. The results show that a single ground wave (HF) covers an area within 100 km and a few hops can cover a large area, for example parts of the Baltic Sea. However, the effective data rate is reduced due to the multi- hop functionality and the reduction is stronger for multicast traffic than for unicast traffic. Sky wave transmission with HF should be avoided in order to obtain the best possible performance. If the distances between the nodes in the ad hoc network become small enough so that the VHF/UHF communication becomes possible, the VHF/UHF should be used instead of HF to obtain higher data rates. In archipelago it is not obvious if VHF/UHF is preferable or not, because the islets and vegetation affects the VHF/UHF propagation much more than it affects HF propagation. Thus, the wave propagation creates different conditions for MARLIN in the archipelago. The MARLIN protocol introduces delays from one second to several seconds. Furthermore, MARLIN is a fix-frequency system where all ships send all the time. This is a problem from an electronic warfare perspective. There are many occasions where tactics and behavior will not allow this type of system to be used. The choice of parameters of MARLIN protocol is a factor that strongly influences its performance. Further studies of parameter selection and protocol behavior in the archipelago are recommended.