The objective of this report is to analyze and compare the models for reaching civil-military synergies in research and technology (CMSRT) in Finland, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden and the UK. The study has focused on the studied nations' defence innovation system and its structural components (actors, networks and institutions), and how each nation has assigned roles and designed interaction within the systems. Furthermore we have analysed each nation's focus on different technology readiness levels (TRL) and technology focus. We designed an analytical framework that describes a national innovation system's actors within government, academia and industry - and how this infrastructure creates resource mobilization, knowledge development and influence on technological development. Our analysis identified several aspects of importance to explain approaches to CMSRT. Two focal factors were the existence and use of policies and goals and instruments to reach civil-military research collaboration. Another factor that characterizes each nation's design for reaching military innovation is the relationship and approach to domestic defence industry, where defence-industrial policy, industrial ownership, IPR and approach to SMEs have been our focal aspects. Findings: There are certain characteristics in the different countries that we can learn from. Regarding the overall model for how to allocate R&T resources in order to stimulate defence technology innovation we have identified two different but not mutually exclusive architectures in order to benefit from CMSRT. The first type of architecture is to have military R&T centralized in an organization that also performs civil R&T. This is the Fraunhofer model: to pool military and civil research. In the Netherlands and Germany this can be said to be the main model, but it exists also in France and to some extent in Finland. To some extent also FOI and FFI can be said to operate accordingly via their participation in European framework programmes. The second type of architecture is to place program functions for civilly performed R&T in defenceoriented research organizations (UK FI NO).