Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease of cattle, pigs, sheep and other (~ 70) wild ungulate species, such as wild boars. The high infectivity depends on several factors, e.g. the concentration that virus infected animals secrete and the dose required to infect them. FMD infection in animals causes a significant drop in milk yield, a reduction in meat and wool production, abortion in pregnant animals, poor semen quality in bulls and increased mortality among calves. The disease causes huge financial losses when the infection occurs in countries that are normally free from the disease. Moreover, it brings a long-lasting impact in countries where the disease is endemic due to decreased productivity, and restrictions on international trade of animal products. Foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) often spreads during the movement of infected animals, contaminated animal products or by contaminated material such as vehicles, equipment, boots, clothing or other items. An additional mechanism for the dissemination of FMDV is the wind. This happens less frequently because it requires specific climatic and epidemiological conditions, but when it occurs, it happens unexpected and dramatically. Commercially available vaccines are based on inactivated virus batches that are produced in large scale, but several experimental studies have shown that it is difficult to achieve good protection against FMD through vaccination. A scenario that illustrates an introduction of FMDV to Skåne, along with events that could occur in connection to this has been produced. The scenario describes a transport of animals between a few farms in Turkey. Faeces containing FMDV, in connection to this transportation, remain in the poorly decontaminated transport vehicle. Later, the truck enters Sweden and is subsequently used for animal transport within Skåne without adequate disinfection. Infection occurs, and is then spread between farms in Skåne. Pathways and implications are described from the initial part of the epidemic.