This Assessment finds that that NATO has made progress in implementing the Women, Peace and Security Agenda, even though there is ample room for improvement. Since the assessment in 2016, small steps have been taken, but the process has to a certain extent been slowed down by the vacancy in the Special Representative of the Secretary General position. NATO now has a robust platform from which to advance the agenda. However, if the Allies and Partners fail to provide sufficient support and resources - both financial and personnel - the positive developments can easily backlash. The main impediments to the progress of the Action Plan are the limited leadership and lack of knowledge of how to integrate a gender perspective in the daily work of the Alliance. However, this dilemma is shared by other international organisations, and great political determination and leadership are demanded in order to achieve gender mainstreaming across the organisation and move the Women, Peace and Security agenda forward.