This study, originally conducted in 1992 and now republished, analyses pros and cons of various types of naval arms control, including the inherent problems and possible strategic ramifications of various proposals. It further explores alternative avenues to increasing security at sea. By undertaking an inventory of proposed naval arms control measures, the authors identify a number of pitfalls stemming from the conceptual and verification problems associated with extending the landbased arms control logic to the maritime domain. A grand naval arms control framework would not only require lengthy and politicised negotiations, it would also probably have major strategic ramifications, some of which may be unforeseen. Instead of the traditional approach, which stressed structural disarmament and transplanting confidence- and security-building measures (CSBMs) to naval activities, the issue of naval arms control must be studied on its own conditions. From that perspective, the study identifies the further development of certain agreements to facilitate cooperation, reduce risks, prevent incidents and establish rules of disengagements as the most accessible and pragmatic approach to enhance maritime security.