Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance to Protect Civilians and Troops? The Swedish ISR Task Force in MINUSMA 2015-2019

Authors:

  • Elin Hellquist
  • Kajsa Tidblad Lundholm

Publish date: 2022-06-27

Report number: FOI-R--5212--SE

Pages: 75

Written in: English

Keywords:

  • Peace operation
  • intelligence
  • protection of civilians
  • force protection
  • ISR

Abstract

The United Nations mission in Mali, MINUSMA, pioneered peacekeeping intelligence by establishing a function that directly serves the Force Commander with intelligence aimed at improving operational planning. Between 2015 and 2019, the Swedish Armed Forces took part in this development through the deployment to MINUSMA of an Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR) task force. This report explores how the activities conducted by the task force related to the protection of civilians and force protection. The study finds that these two themes were indeed present throughout the Swedish ISR experience. However, interpretations of which type of intelligence would best serve these prioritised needs varied largely between rotations. Due to the limited availability of MINUSMA troops who were able to embark on operations beyond the camp, the task force at times took on assignments outside of the strict ISR portfolio. Even on these occasions, though, ISR assets facilitated their action. Making intelligence travel through the mission and strengthen the force protection or operational activities of other units has proven to be more complicated.