C2 of autonomous cooperative systems - Initial studies
Publish date: 2022-03-21
Report number: FOI-R--5301--SE
Pages: 49
Written in: Swedish
Keywords:
- land warfare
- command and control
- unmanned systems
- autonomy
- war gaming
- simulation
Abstract
Systems with autonomous functions that perform tasks that previously were performed manually are increasingly being developed in both the civilian and military domain. In the future, such systems will likely have a higher autonomous capability where ground and aerial vehicles cooperate to perform limited tactical tasks. The purpose of the report is to provide the basis for future studies of how cooperative systems with higher autonomous capability affect C2 of ground combat on lower tactical levels. This report briefly summarises the state of the art in design of autonomous functions and cooperative systems, as well as initial studies of how autonomous cooperative systems affect the command and control system. The studies were focused on autonomous ground and aerial systems for mechanised combat on the platoon and company level. The studies were performed as war games, as well as interactive simulations of autonomous cooperative systems for mechanised combat. The initial studies showed that autonomous cooperative systems preferably can be used for surveillance, reconnaissance, reconnaissance in force, support by fire, forward observation for indirect fire support, and security operations to screen and guard own flanks. Even though the autonomous ground systems were comparatively slow, they were sufficiently fast to perform surveillance and delay combat operations. Furthermore, development of heavier autonomous ground systems with the same speed as manned units is in progress. The studies also showed that considerable attention is required to interact with the autonomous cooperative systems with the level of autonomy that was used in the present studies. Further studies of autonomous cooperative systems should therefore focus on higher levels of autonomy, where the systems independently can perform manoeuvres in limited areas, interact with the command and control system and avoid unnecessary risks. Such capabilities are also necessary for providing the systems with the tactical understanding required to independently perform additional parts of the intended tasks.