Method for assessing hazards relating to explosive goods - support of the juridical system

Authors:

  • Johan Gidholm
  • Joakim Ericson
  • Anders Lundkvist

Publish date: 2024-12-20

Report number: FOI-R--5689--SE

Pages: 49

Written in: Swedish

Keywords:

  • explosion
  • bomb
  • IED
  • investigation
  • trial

Abstract

This report provides a method for a technical assessment of hazards regarding events related to explosives substances. The purpose of the method is to provide supporting material in relation to commonly occurring cases in court. Sweden has a problem of organized crime organizations using explosives towards civilians (such as competitors) as a modus operandi. According to statistics3 from the Swedish Bomb Data Center, there have been approximately 100 explosions each year during 2019-2023. Additionally the Swedish Police authority have under the same time period handled a few hundred more cases per year where ready-made improvised explosive devices, explosive goods or components for this purpose have been present. Some of the requirements in achieving prosecution in these cases are to - demonstrate the danger to life, health and property, both at discovery of an explosive device and after a detonation - describe the construction and associated dangers of explosive devices - based on the crime scene, after detonation, be able to indicate or determine what type and size of device that was used. Today, several of the requirements are difficult to answer and are partly handled by people other than the police's crime scene technicians and forensic experts, such as FOI-experts. With this as a background, the National Forensic Center (NFC), Swedish police authority, has commissioned FOI to develop a method that enables NFC themselves to a greater extent to make such assessments. A compilation of identified challenges and needs has previously been published4 , which has partly formed the direction of the present work. In the present report, a method is presented along with the supporting materials and models required to meet the aforementioned needs, including providing a method for assessing the danger and hazards. This report is a first edition. Revision and further development may be necessary to follow the threat development and meet new needs. The method is presented in four steps: - General information on explosive devices - information about devices, explosive items, or circumstances that is considered to be of particular relevance in hazard assessments - Assessment support - guidance for conducting assessments, including which analyzes that should be included for to evaluate the danger of explosive devices related to the different phases: manufacturing, concealment, transportation, planting and post-blast. - Weapon effects - information on the effects that occur in connection with an explosion and that can cause damage. - Damage models - how sensitive different objects (for example humans) are to weapon effects and the severity of the damage it can result in. The method is adapted to those with prior knowledge (e.g. forensic scientists) and with an education in how this type of analysis and assessment should be done.