This report looks beyond the great powers to focus on middle powers and regional powers. Middle powers and regional powers do not qualify as great powers, but their size, economic importance and political influence at the global or regional level distinguish them from lesser states. Interest in middle and regional powers and their agency has increased with world developments such as growing great power rivalry, the emergence of new economically strong powers outside the West and increased multipolarity. This research overview aims to provide a deeper understanding of the concepts of middle power and regional power. The report places the concepts in a historical perspective, problematizes the position of middle and regional powers in international power hierarchies and presents key theoretical discussions that have contributed to shaping the understanding of middle and regional powers. The report concludes with a more forward-looking discussion of the position and influence of middle and regional powers in a situation where the global balance of power once again seems to be shifting.