In this report we have made a theoretical analysis of the possibility of using a Doppler lidar for shot localization from snipers. The analysis is also relevant for detecting and localizing and maybe identifying other sound sources before the sound has reached the observer which is the distinct advantage compared with microphone techniques. Apart from one literature reference we have not found any similar investigations and no experimental results. Our analysis shows however that the detection of sound down to human scream or traffic sound levels should in principle be possible at km ranges provided sufficient signal processing primarily by bandpass filtering and spectral analysis is made to reject speckle noise and false noise sources. Early detection of sniper shots is a prime goal in many military and civilian scenarios. As a good sniper may be effective up to 1-1.5 km range, the detection of the sound by microphones at the observer will take 4-5 seconds after the shot. If we can reduce this time to 0.5-1 second there is a definite advantage even to have time to avoid being hit. We found that the detection of the shock wave is probably the best strategy vs. detecting the blast wave. The shock wave is more confined in time and space and also has more proper high frequency content and a higher peak sound level than the blast wave. This sound wave generated by the shock wave will move the atmospheric aerosols to create a Doppler signal. Using the movement of only air and the contrast in refractive index will probably not be practical due to low backscatter, at least not for a laser wavelength (above the visual range) compatible with good coherent sources. The sound is rapidly propagating in a spherically manner out form the weapon and reaches a diameter of about 300 meters in 0.5 seconds. This is much more favorable for detection using a scanning system not exactly knowing the position of the shooter. The detection of the bullet and perhaps also the recoil movement of the shooter and his weapon may also be done but this need an accurate pointing and knowledge of the shooter position. If large detector arrays become practical for coherent detection there might be a room for this mode of detection. On the other hand passive EO sensors in the IR and SWIR region may also be used to detect the shooter due to the muzzle blast emission. A Doppler lidar may also have other applications. As indicated in the report the positioning of sniper and other weapon firings (grenade launchers, rocket launches etc.) may be done without line of sight to the actual weapon. For example can the Doppler lidar be placed on a hill of a rooftop to detect the acoustic wave from the firings. By rapid angular scanning and analysis the position of the shooter might be estimated. This report is financed by internal funding from the division of sensor and electronic warfare systems.