Climate change in the Arctic accelerates several different developments in the Arctic region, such as extraction of natural resources, build-up of new infrastructure, increased shipping through the Northern Sea Route, as well as two other transoceanic sea lanes through the Arctic Ocean. These changes may also lead to friction between nations due to overlapping territorial claims as well as an interest to extend economic zones. Sweden, which chairs the Arctic council until May 2013, stresses the importance of the civilian aspects of the developments in a strategy formulated at the start of the Swedish chairmanship. Even if the development so far has been largely positive, it is not possible to rule out future tensions, friction or conflicts in the Arctic. The Swedish declaration of solidarity from 2009, which embraces the EU-member states as well as Iceland and Norway, states that Sweden shall be prepared to give or receive military support in the case of a crisis or conflict. This, together with the fact that the Barents Sea region and parts of the Arctic form part of Sweden's northern and north-western neighbourhood, points to a need to examine Sweden's options in a possible future crisis. The characteristics of the region lead us to envisage mainly naval, air force and coastguard participation in international cooperative or multilateral exercises. To what extent Swedish naval platforms, other maritime assets and sensor systems will perform in the Arctic is therefore a relevant question. The purpose of this study is partly to increase our understanding of possible developments concerning issues ranging from the changing strategic character of the Arctic region over civilian aspects to defence and security related ones, including environmental effects on sensor systems. Given this background, the main aim of this study is to conduct an inventory of FOI's existing know-how about the Arctic as a possible area of operations as well as to better focus the role for FOI in the on-going research regarding a changing Arctic. The range of perspectives in this study has included security policy and strategic studies, sensors (underwater, radar, infrared and laser), communication, navigation and positioning, environment and space issues. The second year of the project the intention is to focus on space issues (small satellites and communication), environmental data support for naval systems (including long term effects due to climate change) and multi-sensor detection of small icebergs (growlers), including a continued study of the developing strategic trends and interaction in the region.