Progress in chemical and biological research and development over the last five years have resulted in several new products and methods that may have a major future impact on society. Such advances brings great opportunities, but also the risk of misuse of new technology (dual-use) in the development and production of biological and chemical weapons. This report summarizes a selection of research and development themes that have been examined at the Department of CBRN Defence and Security of the Swedish Defence Research Agency during the years 2015-2020, and have been topics in the international debate on dual-use technology in recent years. Prominent innovations are new techniques in molecular biology such as CRISPR/Cas and DNAsynthesis that are used in applications for gene therapy and research on gene drivers and viruses. Production of proteins by new biotechnological methodology or evolving synthetic techniques are examples of technologies that may have an expanding future application scope. Widely available commercialised products such as printers for additive manufacturing, flow reactors and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are relevant to assess with respect to their impact on future chemical and biological threats. These examples illustrate that the possibility to make a balanced risk assessment of the potential to misuse new technology largely depends on the technological readiness level of the invention. FOIs overall assessment is that the risk for misuse of new technology increases with the expanding availability of methodology, equipment, and research data with dual-use potential.