This report examines Indian views of China. Adopting a framework based on research about strategic culture, it analyses perspectives of four Indian security policy thinkers. The study indicates that the Indian view of international affairs, and its attitude towards China, is largely informed by real¬ism and power politics, and, to a lesser extent, by liberal and Nehruvian assump¬tions. Overall, China is perceived as India's long-term strategic challenge and key rival, but also as an opportunity and a partner. However, pessimism toward China is predomi¬nant. Indians are concerned about China's vision for the future order, its growing military capabilities, its assertive behaviour in the border areas, its "alliance" with Pakistan, its increasing presence in the Indo-Pacific, trade asymmetries, and its opposition to Indian membership in key institutions. Proposed aspects of a China strategy include a combination of dialogue and deterrence, as well as continued trade with restrictions. The thinkers believe that managing China requires inter¬national cooperation with the United States, EU and Asian countries as well as collaboration with Russia. Given the deep-seated China-scepticism in India, the likelihood of a close strategic partnership between New Delhi and Beijing in the near future is exaggerated.