Th e primary purpose of this anthology is to provide support for the Swedish Armed Forces' long term defence planning. It provides a broad description of potential technological developments toward 2050 and discusses how these may infl uence future military capability. This analysis is set against the backdrop of a deteriorating security environment, war in Europe, Sweden's NATO membership, and the re-establishment of total defence. T h e prospect of major technological breakthroughs, the global competition to drive this development, and the increasing prioritisation of technology and innovation all underlines the need for a thorough assessment of the potential consequences of technological change. T h is is the third time FOI has produced a compilation on technological development for the long term defence planning, with each edition raising the level of ambition. Th is anthology takes another step toward providing a comprehensive picture of defence relevant technological trends, with a forward looking perspective extending to 2050. T h e anthology is intended both as an inspiring document in contexts where an understanding of future technological development is required, and as material for wargames and seminar discussions on military technology. As part of the work, many chapters have also been presented and discussed in seminars held for the Swedish Armed Forces.