This report provides an introduction to Canada's evolving security, defence, and defence industrial landscape. Canada faces growing strategic pressures and is undergoing a significant security and defence reorientation. The country seeks to strengthen military capabilities, enhance economic resilience, and safeguard its interests in an increasingly uncertain world, while managing its deep dependence on the United States-a relationship that is both its greatest strategic asset and most significant structural vulnerability. Canada is undertaking a major military buildup focused on the Arctic, NORAD modernization, and national resilience. At the same time, it is deepening engagement with Europe, NATO, and the Indo-Pacific to broaden partnerships, strengthen defence industrial cooperation, and increase strategic room for manoeuvre. The objective is not to replace the relationship with the United States, but to reduce vulnerabilities through greater diversification and a wider range of security, technological, and industrial options. This transformation is taking place against a backdrop of decades of underinvestment, personnel shortages, and institutional challenges. If Canada succeeds in translating increased resources and reforms into operational capability, it will be well positioned to play a larger role within NATO, in the Arctic, and in support of European security. For Sweden and the Nordic countries, these developments create new opportunities for deeper cooperation in security, defence, defence industry, and research.