Artistic freedom in crisis and war – Securing artistic freedom and access to culture in Sweden during crisis and war

Authors:

  • Patrik Baard
  • Liine Bock-Jaanivald
  • Pernilla Johansson
  • Anna Mcwilliams
  • Ellinor Reinke

Publish date: 2026-02-04

Report number: FOI-R--5813--SE

Pages: 76

Written in: Swedish

Keywords:

  • artistic freedom
  • the arts in crises
  • the arts in war
  • the Swedish Arts Council
  • the Swedish Arts Grants Committee

Abstract

This report describes the results of a study carried out on behalf of the Swedish Arts Council and the Swedish Arts Grants Committee in 2025. The purpose of the study was to explore the conditions for maintaining artistic freedom and access to culture in Sweden during crises and war and aims to answer the following questions: How is artistic freedom in Sweden at risk of being affected by hybrid warfare, war, and other security policy challenges? What legal status do art and culture have in total defence? Where are the vulnerabilities in the Swedish cultural policy model in times of crisis and war? The study is intended to increase the understanding of the conditions regarding preparedness to maintain free art and culture in Sweden in the event of a crisis or war and to suggest further studies for cultural preparedness. This study has been based on three main perspectives: the threat perspective, the legal perspective, and the public administration policy perspective. The report shows that artistic freedom in Sweden will almost certainly be affected by hybrid warfare, war, and other security policy challenges. Art and culture have a strong legal protection in both peace and war, partly through the constitution and partly through international conventions. These rights can be restricted, but it is strictly regulated for what purposes restrictions may be applied and how far such restrictions can go. The cultural policy model contains both protection and vulnerabilities in times of crisis and war, but these are primarily affected by how they are used and for what purpose. Even though today's administrative system safeguards free art, it presupposes that the current system is respected and followed. For those who want to exert influence, especially from a domestic perspective, adjustments can be made that could have a significant effect. We already see today how attempts to control and influence occur, and these attempts will almost certainly become more common in times of crisis and war.