"K-Defense": South Korean Defence Policy and Exports
Publish date: 2026-01-22
Report number: FOI-R--5815--SE
Pages: 106
Written in: Swedish
Keywords:
- South Korea
- defence industry
- arms exports
- K-defense
- security policy
Abstract
In 2023, the South Korean defence industry's revenue amounted to 20,196 billion won. South Korea held a 2.2% share of the global arms market in 2020-2024, marking a 30-fold increase compared to 25 years ago. This remarkable expansion in arms exports is explained by South Korean security, economic, and international status interests. The North Korean threat has incentivised the ROK to prioritise the construction of a strong defence industry with a large production capacity. By continuously modernizing the equipment of its Armed Forces in step with global technological developments towards high-tech warfare, South Korea has carved out a niche for good-value arms on the global market. Having developed a competitive edge in manufacturing, South Korea was well-positioned to benefit from the rising global demand in the past 15 years. Security developments since 2022 have provided South Korea with a unique possibility to further boost its arms exports. The Russian invasion of Ukraine has driven up demand in Europe, while unpredictable foreign policy developments in China, the US, and Israel encourage arms-importing states to consider diversifying their arms supply. Altogether, these factors have allowed South Korea to advance its market position, portraying K-defense as arms exports with no strings attached.