Marking our most valuable asset – National Security and the Publication of Geodata as Open Data in Three EU Countries

Authors:

  • Åsa Davidsson
  • Alexander Stagnell

Publish date: 2026-05-25

Report number: FOI-R--5930--SE

Pages: 39

Written in: Swedish

Keywords:

  • Open Data Directive
  • geospatial data
  • risk assessment
  • national security
  • aggregation
  • Estonia
  • Finland
  • Czechia

Abstract

The Swedish Defence Research Agency (FOI), on behalf of Lantmäteriet, conducted interviews with representatives from the public sector and the armed forces in Estonia, Finland, and Czechia during 2025 and 2026. The aim was to understand if the Open Data Directive has affected the countries and whether risk assessments are carried out before geodata is made available as open data. This study shows that despite acknowledging risks associated with open geodata, openness remains the guiding principle in all three countries. In Finland and Czechia, national security risks are emphasized, while in Estonia there are significant concerns about citizens' privacy. A shared challenge is of how to predict risks that arise from the combination of different datasets. Three Finnish risk assessment methods are presented. The study highlights the need for improved national coordination to balance openness, innovation, and national security. Simultaneously, increasing security challenges raise questions about the division of responsibilities between the national level and the EU, and how to achieve consistent handling of open geodata across EU countries. The study points out similarities between Sweden and the countries studied, both in leveraging the opportunities of open geodata and in the challenges of assessing risks related to national security.